Intussusception


Intussusception is a medical condition that occurs when one segment of the intestine "telescopes" inside another segment, leading to obstruction of the bowel. This condition is most common in children, particularly those under two years of age, but can also occur in adults. In this article, we will discuss the signs, symptoms, and treatment of intussusception.

There are different types of intussusception, based on the location and cause of the bowel obstruction. The three main types of intussusception are:

Ileocolic intussusception: This is the most common type of intussusception and occurs when the ileum (the last part of the small intestine) telescopes into the colon (large intestine) through the ileocecal valve, which is the junction between the two.

Enteroenteric intussusception: This type of intussusception occurs when one part of the small intestine telescopes into an adjacent part of the small intestine.

Colocolic intussusception: This type of intussusception occurs when one part of the colon telescopes into an adjacent part of the colon.

In addition to these types, intussusception can also be classified as primary or secondary. Primary intussusception occurs when there is no identifiable cause of the bowel obstruction, while secondary intussusception occurs as a result of an underlying condition such as a tumor or inflammation.

It is important to note that regardless of the type of intussusception, prompt medical attention is necessary to prevent complications and ensure a successful recovery.

Signs and Symptoms of Intussusception:

The signs and symptoms of intussusception vary depending on the age of the patient and the severity of the condition. However, some common signs and symptoms include:

current jelly stool: It is a special sign of intussusception.

Abdominal pain: The most common symptom of intussusception is abdominal pain, which usually comes and goes in waves.

Vomiting: Patients with intussusception may vomit repeatedly, especially after eating or drinking.

Blood in the stool: In some cases, patients may pass stools that contain blood and mucus.

Lethargy: Intussusception can cause a feeling of weakness and lethargy.

Swelling: A lump or swelling may be felt in the abdomen.

Diarrhea: Some patients may experience diarrhea, which can worsen the symptoms of intussusception.

Treatment of Intussusception:

Intussusception is considered a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. The most common treatment options for intussusception include:

Enema: An enema is a procedure in which a liquid is injected into the rectum to help push the intestine back into its normal position.

Manual reduction:  First, an attempt is made at manual reduction by retrograde milking of the intussusception. Although gentle pulling may aid in reduction, avoid vigorous pulling apart of the intussuscepted segment of bowel.

Surgery: In cases where the enema is unsuccessful, surgery may be required to remove the affected portion of the intestine.

Hydrostatic reduction: Simple and effective method for the treatment of this disease. Success rate of 65% is good considering the morbidity that is associated with operative treatment. 

Pain management: Pain medication may be prescribed to help manage the abdominal pain associated with intussusception.

IV fluids: IV fluids may be given to prevent dehydration, especially in cases where vomiting and diarrhea are present.

Prevention of Intussusception:

While the cause of intussusception is not fully understood, there are several steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of this condition, including:

Timely vaccination: Vaccination against rotavirus, a common cause of gastroenteritis in children, can reduce the risk of intussusception.

Early detection and treatment: Early detection and prompt treatment of any signs or symptoms of intussusception can prevent the condition from worsening.

Healthy diet: Eating a healthy diet rich in fiber and fluids can prevent constipation, which is a risk factor for intussusception.

Conclusion

Intussusception is a medical condition that can be life-threatening if left untreated. The signs and symptoms of intussusception should be taken seriously, and immediate medical attention should be sought if they are present. Early diagnosis and treatment are very important for a successful recovery.